ITA 2023 — Questão 36

"The modernists' aims were later formalised in a Manifesto Antropófago (Cannibal Manifesto), written by one of the poets, Oswald de Andrade."

"The answer: 'Absorption of the sacred enemy. To transform him into a totem.'"

"It was cultural nationalism, but of an open-minded, cosmopolitan and non-xenophobic kind."

"As the innovative 1920s degenerated into the ideological conflicts of the 1930s, some would embrace communism and others creole fascism in its many variants."

"The Brazilian modernists would radicalise politically and be co-opted, too, by Getúlio Vargas, Brazil's nation-builder, who ruled for much of 1930 to 1954, by turns an autocrat and a democrat."